PURSUIT POLICY 追击政策
555. PURSUIT POLICY
The Department Pursuit Policy is comprised of Manual Volume 1/555, Volume 3/201 and Volume 4/205. Refer to all listed Manual Volumes and Sections for policy, procedures, and administrative review of the Department Pursuit Policy. 部门追击政策由手册第1/555卷、第3/201卷和第4/205卷组成。有关部门追击的政策、程序和行政审查，请参阅所有列出的手册卷和章节。
555.01 VEHICLE PURSUIT DEFINED
车辆追击定义
The California Highway Patrol defines a vehicular pursuit as, "An event involving one or more law enforcement officers attempting to apprehend a suspect operating a motor vehicle while the suspect is attempting to avoid arrest (or detention) by using high speed driving or other evasive tactics, such as driving off a highway, turning suddenly, or driving in a legal manner but willfully failing to yield to the officer's signal to stop" (emphasis added). 加州公路巡逻队将车辆追击定义为：“涉及一名或多名执法人员试图逮捕在嫌疑人试图逃避逮捕或扣留时使用高速驾驶或其他规避策略，例如驶离公路、突然转弯或以合法方式驾驶，但故意不服从警察的停车信号”（强调部分补充）的驾驶机动车的嫌疑人。
555.05 DRIVER RESPONSIBILITY
驾驶员责任
Section 21055 of the California Vehicle Code (CVC) specifies that in emergency situations the driver of an authorized emergency vehicle is exempt from the "Rules of the Road" as specified in Division 11 of the Code, when the driver of the vehicle sounds a siren as may be reasonably necessary and the vehicle displays a lighted red lamp visible from the front. Section 21056 CVC, however, specified that this exemption "...does not relieve the driver from the duty to drive with due regard for the safety of all persons using the highway, nor does it protect him from the consequences of an arbitrary exercise of the privileges granted in that Section (21055)." 《加利福尼亚州车辆法规》（CVC）第21055节规定，在紧急情况下，当车辆驾驶员发出合理必要的警报，并且车辆从前方可视红蓝警灯亮起时，授权应急车辆的驾驶员不受该法规第11部分规定的“道路规则”的约束（豁免）。然而，CVC第21056节规定，该豁免“……并不免除驾驶员在适当考虑所有道路参与者的人身安全的情况下驾驶的责任，也不保护驾驶员免受任意行使该节（21055）中授予的特权的后果。”
555.10 INITIATION OF A VEHICLE PURSUIT
启动车辆追击
Officers shall not initiate a pursuit based only on an infraction, misdemeanor evading (including failure to yield), or reckless driving in response to enforcement action taken by Department personnel. 警员不得仅基于普通违规（违法）、普通逃避执法人员（包括未让行）或因执法人员采取措施导致的危险驾驶进行追击。
Officers may pursue felons and misdemeanants, including law violators who exhibit behaviors of illegally driving under the influence of drugs or alcohol. If reasonable suspicion or probable cause exists that a misdemeanor (with the exception of misdemeanor evading or reckless driving in response to enforcement action by Department personnel) or felony has occurred, is occurring or is about to occur, employees may pursue a suspect vehicle. 警员可以追击重罪和轻罪嫌疑人，包括表现出在毒品或酒精影响下非法驾驶行为的违法者。如果有合理的怀疑或可能的原因表明轻罪（针对执法人员的执法行动而违反普通逃避执法人员的逃逸行为或鲁莽驾驶除外）或重罪已经发生、正在发生或即将发生，警员可以追击可疑车辆。
Note: Unmarked units shall not engage in a pursuit. Dual-purpose, hybrid vehicles, and motorcycles may engage in a vehicle pursuit, however, the unit shall relinquish the role of primary unit when a marked black and white vehicle arrives on scene. 注：无标记的单位不得进行追击；无标记车辆、两用车、混合动力车和摩托车可以进行车辆追击，但是，当标准涂装单位车辆到达现场时，以上单位应放弃追击主要单位的角色（在车队尾部跟随）。
In order to diminish the likelihood of a pursuit, officers intending to stop a vehicle shall, when practicable, be within close proximity to the vehicle before attempting the stop. 为了减少追击的可能性，在切实可行的情况下，打算进行交通临检的警员在试图拦停之前，应靠近被拦停车辆。
When circumstances indicate a high potential for a pursuit, e.g., felony want on vehicle, possible stolen vehicle, felony suspect, officers shall determine the availability and estimated time of arrival of an air unit and, if tactically possible, wait for its arrival prior to initiating the vehicle stop. Additionally, officers should request a back-up unit. 当情况表明追捕的可能性很大时，例如，车辆为重罪通缉车辆、可能被盗的车辆、重罪嫌疑人，警员应确定空中单位的可用性和预计到达时间，如果战术上可能，在开始交通临检之前等待单位到达。此外，警员应请求增援单位。
Whenever possible, air units shall assume responsibility for tracking a suspect vehicle. During this tracking mode, authorized ground units shall continue their Code Three response, but should reduce their speed and, if reasonable, maintain a position out of the line-of-sight of the suspect’s vehicle to maximize public safety. The Department shall make every effort to provide immediate supervisory oversight at the beginning of the pursuit and through its termination. 只要可能，空中单位应负责跟踪可疑车辆。在此跟踪模式下，授权地面单位应继续CODE3响应，但应降低其速度，并在合理的情况下，保持在嫌疑人车辆视线之外的位置，以最大限度地提高公共安全。部门应尽一切努力在追击开始和结束时提供即时的监督。
Factors In Initiating a Pursuit
开始追击的因素
Officers must also weigh the seriousness of the offense against the potential dangers to themselves or members of the community and should consider the following factors when assessing whether to initiate a pursuit: 警员还必须权衡罪行的严重性和对自己或社区成员的潜在危险，并在评估是否发起追捕时应考虑以下因素：
Whether there is an unreasonable risk to the public's safety, to the pursuing officers' safety or the safety of the occupant(s) in the fleeing vehicle; 是否存在对公众安全、追捕人员安全或逃离车辆中乘员安全的不合理风险；
The speed of the fleeing vehicle, relative to other roadway conditions and factors; 相对于其他道路条件和因素，逃跑车辆的速度；
Whether vehicular and/or pedestrian traffic safety is unreasonably compromised; 车辆或行人交通安全是否受到不合理的损害；
The traffic conditions: volume of vehicular traffic, volume of pedestrian traffic, and road conditions; 交通状况：车辆交通量、行人交通量和道路状况；
Nature of the area of the pursuit: residential, commercial, or rural; 追击地区的性质：住宅、商业或农村；
Whether the suspect can be apprehended at a later time; 嫌疑人是否可以在以后逮捕；
If weather conditions such as rain, fog, snow, etc., create an unreasonable risk of injury to the public or the pursuing officers; 如果天气条件如雨、雾、雪等，对公众或追捕人员造成不合理的伤害风险；
The seriousness of the crime and its relationship to community safety; 犯罪的严重性及其与社区安全的关系；
Whether the lack or quality of communication between the primary unit and Communications Division or the primary unit and a supervisor causes an unreasonable risk to the public; 主要追捕单位与通信部门或主要追捕单位与监管机构之间缺乏沟通或沟通质量不高，是否会对公众造成不合理的风险；
The familiarity of the primary pursuing unit with the area of the pursuit. 主要追捕单位对追捕区域的熟悉程度。
The same liability and potential danger inherent in a vehicle pursuit is also present when following a vehicle. Officers shall not violate the rules of the road, e.g., Division 11 of the California Vehicle Code, when following a vehicle. Exemption from provisions of the Vehicle Code (Division 11) is granted only when officers sound a siren as may be reasonably necessary and the officer's vehicle displays a lighted red lamp visible from the front. The decision whether or not to initiate a pursuit should be made as soon as it is clearly evident that the law violator is intending to flee. Officers shall not use "following" as a substitute for initiating a pursuit. 跟随车辆时，也存在车辆追击中固有的相同责任和潜在危险。警员在跟踪车辆时不得违反道路规则，例如《加利福尼亚州车辆法规》第11章。只有当警官在合理必要的情况下鸣响警笛，并且警员的车辆亮起从车辆前方可见的亮起的红灯时，才允许豁免遵守《车辆法规》（第11部分）的规定。一旦明显表明违法者打算逃跑，就应立即决定是否发起追击。警员不得使用“跟随”代替开始追击。
Pursuit Intervention
追击干预技术
由高级职员和主管考虑在作出申请授权的决定时干预策略。它应该认识到风险 其他干预方法可能包括“PIT”（追踪干预/固定）、钉刺带、和枪支的使用。 授权执行追击干预技术需要考虑的因素包括本文提到的开始追击的因素（追击时）以及
嫌犯对其他公众造成伤害的风险大于实施PIT的潜在风险
破胎器被证明无效或不适用(无法预测嫌犯路线或嫌犯车辆及其不稳定等）
第三个单位已加入追捕
客观上是在合理的保护第三人或其他执法人员免受迫在眉睫的死亡或严重身体伤害时
综上所述，PIT需要经过深思熟虑的审查，一般来说以下情况一般不会使用PIT，除非经过对以上因素的综合判断后决定批准使用
嫌疑车辆超过70MPH
运送已知有害物质的车辆
大型车辆
皮卡开放式后部有乘员的车辆
摩托车或开放式载具等